Black Macaca (Macaca nigra): Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Minahasa Raya Net

Black Macaca
( Macaca nigra )

Conservation status:
	- Endangered (IUCN Red Data Book, 2000) - Full Protected animal under Indonesian law - Appendix II (CITES)

Taxonomy and nomenclature:
	Local name	: Yaki, Ngo', Angko'
	Indonesian name	: Monyet, Kera
	English name	: Black Macaca, Black Celebes macaque
	French name	: Macaque des Célèbes
	Science name	: Macaca nigra
	Genus	: Macaca
	Family	: Cercopithecidae
	Order	: Primates
	Class	: Mammalia
	Phylum	: Chordata
	Kingdom	: Animalia

Pictures:		By:
	Adult Black Macaca	© John White c/o Nature Photography
	Juvenile Black Macaca

Physical:
	Weight of adult	: 9 - 10 kg (male), 6 - 7 kg (female)

	This species has a sagittal crest (crest of hair on its crown). The hair is mainly black except for a patch from the shoulder to the ilium and the combination of white and black hairs on the shoulders and upper arms.

Reproduction:
	Number of offspring per birth: 1

Behavior:

These Celebes apes, like other macaques, travel and live in groups. Females tend to stay with the same group all their lives while males switch from group to group. Since the females are permanent members, dominance within a particular group is determined by matrilines. Dominance in these groups occurs because the celebes apes are aware of who is related to whom in these matriarchal societies.
They are very intelligent and tend to be more aggressive than other primates. They will give warning by body gestures and sounds before an attack.

Life cycle:

Threats and Predators:
	- Human (hunting for meat and trade) - Python - Habitat shrinkage

Habitat:
	Endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia: rainforest at moderate elevation

Population:
	Unknown but the number has declines rapidly by about 60 % in the past 10 years.

Diet:
	This species is frugivorous (eats fruits), but it also eats immature leaves, arthropods, stalks of newly flowering plants, and cultivated crops. Generally this species raids crops for fruits, vegetables, and maize.

Sources:
- Nature Photography
- IUCN Red Data Book
- Biodiversity Conservation Project
- CITES
- The Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center
- Nowak, Ronald M., ed. Walker’s Mammals of the World. 5th Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press,
Baltimore and London. 1991.
- Parker Sybil. P.: Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, McGraw-Hill, New York. 1990.